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Analysis of Combur test results
Correctly analysing Combur test results: Your comprehensive guide
Do you want to better understand your Combur test results? This article provides you with a detailed analysis of each parameter and helps you correctly interpret the results. For personal advice and further information, contact us.
The topic briefly and concisely
The correct analysis of Combur test results enables the early detection of diseases such as urinary tract infections, diabetes, and kidney diseases.
A careful execution of the test and the correct interpretation of the results are crucial to avoid misinterpretations and to optimally monitor health.
Through regular monitoring and early detection of anomalies, more serious health issues can be avoided and quality of life can be improved.
Decode your Combur test results! Learn how to interpret each parameter correctly and what conclusions you can draw from them. Find out more now!
The analysis of Combur test results is a crucial step in providing early indications of various illnesses. The Combur test, also known as urine test strips, is a quick and straightforward method that can provide important information about your health status. At Mentoc, we assist you in correctly understanding and utilizing this information to make informed decisions about your health.
What is a Combur test?
The Combur test is an in vitro diagnostic tool used for the qualitative or semi-quantitative determination of various parameters in urine. These parameters include pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and erythrocytes. The Combur test strips from Roche are specially designed to determine these values quickly and reliably. The test is used to assess kidney, urinary tract, liver, and metabolic diseases.
Why is the analysis of Combur test results important?
The analysis of Combur test results enables the early detection of anomalies in urine that could indicate various diseases. For instance, elevated leukocyte and nitrite levels may suggest a urinary tract infection, while glucose and ketones in urine can be signs of diabetes mellitus. By identifying these indicators early, appropriate measures can be taken, potentially preventing more serious health issues. The rapid detection of diseases is a significant advantage of the Combur test.
Combur test strips: How they work
In order to properly analyse Combur test results, it is important to understand the basics of Combur test strips. The test strips consist of different test pads that react to specific substances in the urine. This reaction leads to a colour change, which is then compared to a colour chart. At Mentoc, we emphasise the importance of understanding these basics to correctly interpret the results.
Components and Functionality
The test strips contain various test pads, each impregnated with specific reagents. These reagents react with the corresponding substances in the urine, resulting in a colour change. The intensity of the colour is proportional to the concentration of the substance in the urine. These chemical reactions allow for a quick and reliable determination of various parameters. The urine examination guide provides detailed information on correct usage.
Parameters that can be determined using Combur test strips
Combur test strips can determine various parameters in the urine, offering important insights into health status. Key parameters include: pH level, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, erythrocytes/blood, and specific gravity. Each of these parameters provides specific information, which in combination allows for a comprehensive assessment. The combur® 9 test enables simultaneous analysis of nine different urine parameters.
Qualitative vs. Semiquantitative Determination
The Combur test strips enable both qualitative and semiquantitative determinations. Qualitative determinations indicate whether a specific substance is present in the urine or not. Semiquantitative determinations allow for an estimation of concentration based on colour intensity. Both types of determinations are important for obtaining a comprehensive picture of health status. The qualitative or semiquantitative determination is an essential component of urinalysis.
Correctly Conducting a Combur-Test: Step-by-Step Guide
Correct execution of the Combur test is crucial for the analysis of Combur test results. Errors during sample collection or testing can lead to incorrect results. At Mentoc, we want to ensure that you conduct the test correctly to obtain reliable results.
Preparation and Sample Collection
For accurate sample collection, it is important to use the first morning urine as it contains the highest concentration of analytes. Use sterile disposable containers to avoid contamination. Proper preparation and sample collection are vital for the accuracy of the results. The urine test instructions emphasise the importance of the first morning urine.
Conducting the Test
Immerse the test strip completely in the urine for exactly one second to wet all test pads. Remove excess urine by gently wiping the edge of the container. Ensure the waiting time of 1-2 minutes is precisely adhered to before comparing the colours with the colour chart. The correct technique is key for accurate results.
Waiting Time and Colour Chart Comparison
Accurate adherence to the waiting time is crucial, as the chemical reactions need time to develop fully. Compare the colour of each test pad carefully with the corresponding colour chart on the packaging. Note the results carefully to interpret them correctly later. The careful evaluation is an essential step in the analysis of Combur test results.
Correctly interpreting Combur test results: Here's how
The correct interpretation of the analysis of Combur test results is crucial for drawing the right conclusions from the findings. The colour chart and reference values are important tools in this process. At Mentoc, we help you understand the significance of each parameter and properly interpret the results.
Colour Chart and Reference Values
Use the colour chart on the test strip packaging to compare the colour of each test field with the corresponding reference values. Note the normal values for each parameter and the significance of any deviations. The colour changes on the strip make even the slightest pathological deviations visible.
Significance of Individual Parameters
Each parameter determined by the Combur test has specific significance. Leukocytes and nitrite can indicate urinary tract infections, while glucose and ketones can suggest diabetes mellitus. Bilirubin and urobilinogen may indicate liver diseases, protein may point to kidney diseases, and erythrocytes/blood might indicate kidney or urinary tract diseases. The simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters enables a comprehensive assessment.
Combining Parameters
The combination of different parameters can provide important clues about specific diseases. For example, the simultaneous presence of glucose and ketones in the urine may suggest diabetic ketoacidosis. Interpretation of the results should always be in the context of other clinical findings. The implications of combined results are crucial for diagnosis.
Avoiding sources of error: How to ensure correct results
When analysing Combur test results, there are various sources of error that can affect the outcomes. Medications, improper storage, and urine sample preservation are important factors to consider. At Mentoc, we provide tips on how to avoid these sources of error.
Interference from medications and substances
Certain medications can affect the test results. For instance, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Clavulanic acid can cause false positive leukocyte values, while Cephalexin and Gentamicin can reduce leukocyte reactions. Polyvinylpyrrolidone infusions can cause false positive protein values. It's important to consider all medications taken when interpreting the results. The effects of medications are an important aspect of urinalysis.
Storage and shelf life of test strips
The correct storage of test strips is crucial for their shelf life and accuracy. Store the test strips between 2-30 °C and reseal the container after use to avoid moisture. Pay attention to the expiry date and do not use expired test strips. The storage conditions are vital for the integrity of the test strips.
Urine sample preservation
Avoid using preservatives in urine samples, as they can distort the test results. Formaldehyde can cause false positive leukocyte values, while boric acid can reduce leukocyte reactivity. Instead, use fresh urine samples for testing. The avoidance of urine preservatives is crucial for accurate results.
Ensure quality: Utilize internal and external controls
To ensure the accuracy of the analysis of Combur test results, internal and external quality controls are essential. These controls help identify errors and ensure the reliability of the results. At Mentoc, we place a high value on quality assurance and validation.
Internal Quality Control
Conduct regular checks with commercial control solutions for erythrocytes, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, specific gravity, pH, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone, and glucose. Pay attention to the storage conditions and expiration dates of the control solutions. Avoid applying control material directly onto the Combur test strips; instead, dip the strips. Regular quality control is crucial for accuracy.
External Quality Control (Proficiency Testing)
Participate in proficiency testing to compare your laboratory's performance with other laboratories. Ensure your equipment is calibrated and that you test control materials on the day of the proficiency test. Participating in proficiency testing helps secure the quality of your analyses. Participation in external quality assurance programs is a key aspect.
Calibration of Test Strip Readers
Calibrate your semi-automated test strip readers (e.g. miditron junior, urisys 1800, cobas u 411) every 4 weeks. Check and replace the internal calibration strips if calibration fails. Regular calibration ensures the accuracy of measurement results. The calibration of test strip readers is crucial for reliability.
Automated urinalysis: Increase efficiency, reduce errors
The automated urine analysis offers numerous advantages over the manual evaluation of analysis of Combur test results. It increases efficiency, reduces subjective errors, and standardises the process. At Mentoc, we rely on modern technologies to deliver the best possible results to you.
Advantages of Automation
The automation of urine analysis provides a reduction of subjective errors and an increase in throughput. Automated systems can analyse large sample volumes quickly and reliably. Efficiency and standardisation are essential advantages of automation.
Test Strip Readers
There are various test strip readers available on the market, such as miditron junior, miditron junior II, miditron m, urisys 1800, cobas u 411, and urisys 2400. These devices automatically read the colours of the test strips and provide precise results. The standardised technology ensures comparable results.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
The regular cleaning of the devices is important to avoid urine residues. Refer to the device manuals for troubleshooting and address any alert messages promptly. Proper maintenance ensures the reliability of the devices. Addressing the resolution of alert messages is crucial for smooth operation.
Clinical Relevance: How Urinalysis Supports Diagnosis
The analysis of Combur test results is of great clinical relevance and supports the diagnosis of various diseases. Urinary tract infections, diabetes, kidney diseases, and liver diseases can be detected early through urinalysis. At Mentoc, we understand the importance of these analyses for your health.
Diagnosis of urinary tract infections
Leukocytes and nitrite are important indicators of urinary tract infections. Elevated levels indicate a possible infection. Urinalysis allows for a quick and reliable diagnosis. The elevated levels are a clear indication of an infection.
Diabetes management
Glucose and ketones are used to monitor glucose and ketone levels in diabetics. Urinalysis helps control metabolism and prevent complications. The monitoring of diabetes mellitus is an important application.
Detection of kidney diseases
Proteinuria is an early indicator of kidney diseases. Elevated protein levels can indicate kidney damage. Urinalysis enables early detection and treatment. Early detection of kidney diseases is crucial for successful treatment.
Liver diseases
Bilirubin and urobilinogen are markers for liver diseases. Deviations can indicate liver dysfunction. Urinalysis helps to detect and treat liver diseases early. The elevated levels can indicate liver diseases.
Conclusion: Urinalysis enhances diagnostics and therapy
More useful links
Roche Diagnostics provides detailed information on Combur test strips and their application in urinalysis.
University of Tübingen offers a guide on the correct procedure for urine testing with test strips.
Sysmex has a thematic leaflet on their website on the topic of urine strips and urinalysis, including information on medication effects and quality control.
FAQ
What is a Combur test and what is it used for?
A Combur test is a quick urine test strip that measures various parameters such as pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and erythrocytes in urine. It is used for the early detection of kidney, urinary tract, liver, and metabolic diseases.
How do I correctly perform a Combur test?
Use first morning urine in a sterile container. Immerse the test strip for exactly one second, wipe off excess urine, and compare the colours after 1-2 minutes with the colour scale.
What do elevated leukocytes and nitrite in urine mean?
Elevated leukocytes and nitrite often indicate a urinary tract infection. A medical examination is advisable to clarify the cause and initiate appropriate treatment.
Can medications affect the results of the Combur test?
Yes, certain medications such as Imipenem or Cephalexin can skew the results. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid misinterpretations.
How should I store Combur test strips properly?
Store the test strips at 2-30 °C and re-seal the container tightly after use to prevent moisture. Pay attention to the expiration date.
What does protein in urine mean?
Protein in urine (proteinuria) can be an indication of a kidney disease. It is important to have this checked by a doctor to determine the cause and start treatment early.
What do glucose and ketones in urine mean?
Glucose and ketones in urine can be signs of diabetes mellitus. Further investigation by a doctor is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate therapy.
How often should I perform a Combur test?
The frequency depends on your health condition and your doctor's recommendations. In certain conditions, regular monitoring may be useful.
